Virgo cluster
The Virgo cluster is a cluster of galaxies, approximately 15 to 22 Mpc distant, comprising approximately 1300 (and possibly up to 2000) member galaxies. The cluster forms the heart of the larger Local supercluster, of which the Local Group is an outlying member.
The cluster was discovered by Charles Messier in 1781, who charted many of its prominent member galaxies, including the giant M87 galaxy.
The cluster subtends a maximum arc of approximately 8 degrees centered in the constellation Virgo. Many of the member galaxies of the cluster are visible with a small telescope. The distance to the cluster is still an open question, with current best guesses, based on Cepheids using the Hubble Space Telescope, yielding an average of approximately 20 Mpc [1].
It is currently believed that the spirals of the cluster are distributed in a cigar-shaped prolate filament, approximately 4 times as long as wide, stretching along the line of sight from the Milky Way and connecting on its back end to the W cloud [2].
The cluster is an aggregrate of at least three separate subclumps centered on the galaxies M87, M86, and M49. Of the three subclumps, the one centered on M87 is the dominant one, with a mass of approximately 1014 solar masses, which is approximately an order of magnitude larger than other the other two subclumps [3].
The large mass of the cluster is indicated by the high peculiar velocities of many of its galaxies, sometimes as high as 1,600 km/s (with respect to the cluster's center). For comparison, the cluster redshift equals to a velocity of only 1,100 km/s.
Within the Local supercluster, and its gravitational effects slow down the nearby galaxies. For example, the Local Group has a velocity towards the Virgo cluster of about 200 km/s.
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1 E-14 m | 1 E-15 m | 1 E-18 m | 1 E-35 m | 1 E21 m | 1 E22 m | 1 E23 m | 1 E24 m | 1 E25 m | 1 E26 m | 1 E -15 m | 1 E -35 m | 1e-15 m | 1e-35 m | 1e21 metres | 1e22 metres | 1e23 m | 1e23 metres | 1e24 m | 1e24 metres | 1e25 m | 1e25 metres | 1e26 m | 1e26 metres | Active Galactic Nuclei | Active Galactic Nucleus | Active galaxy | Cepheid | Cepheid variable | Cepheid variable star | Galactic supercluster | Galaxy cluster | Groups and clusters of galaxies | List of astronomical topics | List of astronomical topics (N-Z) | Local Supercluster | M100 | Megaparsec | NGC 4321 | NGC 4486 | Orders of magnitude (length) | Radio galaxy | Starbust galaxy | Subcluster | Supercluster | Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large-scale structure | Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure | Timeline of knowledge about galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large-scale structure | Virgo | Virgo A Galaxy | Virgo Supercluster | W cloud
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