Videogame Timeline

2000s

2004

• January 12 - Ubisoft acquires Tiwak

2003

• February 27 - Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences hosts 6th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards; inducts Yu Suzuki of SEGA to the AIAS Hall of Fame
• March 6-9 - Game Developers Conference hosts 3rd annual Game Developers Choice Awards and Gama Network's 5th annual Independent Games Festival (IGF)
• May 14-16 - 9th annual E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo) held at Los Angeles Convention Center; 6th annual Game Critics Awards for the Best of E3
• October 1 - DreamWorks SKG and Tecmo announce a movie adaptation of the video game Fatal Frame has been fast-tracked. Details on the movie released at the 2003 Tokyo Game Show stated that it's a major priority for DreamWorks and that writer/producer John Rogers has signed onto the project as its producer and Steven Spielberg has a first-hand role with the project. [1]
• October 20 - The families of Aaron Hamel and Kimberly Bede who were shot by teens William and Josh Buckner who stated to investigators that their actions were inspired by Grand Theft Auto 3 file a USD$246 million lawsuit against Rockstar Games, Take Two Interactive Software, retailer Wal-Mart, and marketer Sony Computer Entertainment America. Rockstar and its parent company, Take-Two request the judge to dismiss the lawsuit stating in U.S. District Court on October 29, 2003 that the "ideas and concepts as well as the 'purported psychological effects' on the Buckners are protected by the First Amendment's free-speech clause." The lawyer of the victims dismissed that and is trying to get the lawsuit moved into a state court and taken under consideration of the Tennessee's consumer protection act. The result of this lawsuit is currently pending.
• October 31 - BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts) announces nominations for the 1st annual BAFTA Games Awards for video game publication and (on November 24) the the 6th annual BAFTA Interactive Awards for multimedia technologies; ceremony to be held in February 2004
• November - Kazushige Nojima resigns from Square Enix

Hardware

• Early 2003 - Nintendo releases the Game Boy Advance SP, an enhanced version of its popular Game Boy Advance handheld game console
• Nokia releases the hybrid N-Gage handheld console / mobile phone

Business

• February 19 - Microsoft announces a deal to buy Connectix Corp.
• Take Two Interactive buys TDK Mediactive, Inc.
• Infogrames, Inc., a subsidiary of Infogrames Entertainment SA renames itself Atari
• Square Co. and Enix Corporation merge forming Square Enix Co., Ltd.
• CNN/Money reports that video games are a USD$10 billion dollar industry
• May - 3DO announces bankruptcy
• December – Interplay closes its Black Isle Studios division
• Late 2003 - Nintendo buys shares from Japanese toy and animation conglomerate Bandai making Nintendo one of Bandai's top 10 shareholders.
• Late 2003 - GameSpot reports a rebuttal regarding two statements from Nintendo and Bandai execs denying a potential Nintendo takeover of Bandai. According to the story, Nintendo is working with a Japanese banking firm that has Bandai and Nintendo as their corporate clients to try to take over Bandai.

2002

• Activision acquires Luxoflux Corporation, Gray Matter Interactive Studios, Shaba Games LLC, and Z-Axis Ltd.
• Empire Interactive PLC acquires eJay AG (renamed eJay Entertainment GmbH)
• Infogrames Entertainment SA acquires Eden Studios and Shiny Entertainment
• Microsoft acquires Rare Ltd.
• PCCW: Jaleco USA merges with its VR1 Entertainment (renamed Jaleco Entertainment) division
• Sony Corporation acquires Aiwa Corporation
• Vivendi Universal acquires Massive Entertainment
• Bankrupt/Defunct: Encore Software, Inc. (assets acquired by Navarre Corporation)

• February 19 - Sierra Entertainment, Inc. renamed from Sierra On-Line
• .400 Software Studios founded
• May 10 – Tiwak renamed from Yeti Interactive

• Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences hosts the 5th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards; inducts Will Wright of Maxis to the AIAS Hall of Fame
• BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts) holds 5th annual BAFTA Interactive Awards for multimedia technologies; 10 of 21 awards go to video games; awards Ian Livingstone the BAFTA Interactive Special Award
• 8th annual E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo); the 5th annual Game Critics Awards for the Best of E3
• Eidos Interactive selects Dutch model Jill De Jong as the new digitized Lara Croft character
• G4 Media, LLC (subsidiary of Comcast Corporation)launches the G4 cable television video game network channel
• Gama Network hosts the 4th annual Independent Games Festival (IGF)
• Game Developers Conference hosts the 2nd annual Game Developers Choice Awards
• SEGA establishes the Sega Mobile division to develop, produce, and distribute video games for mobile phones and PDAs; establishes the Sega.com Business Solutions division to service video game developers and publishers
• Rockstar Games embroiled in moral panic for its Grand Theft Auto III and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City video games

2001

• Activision acquires Treyarch Invention LLC
• PCCW (Pacific Century CyberWorks Japan Co., Ltd.) acquires VR1 Entertainment

• Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences hosts the 4th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards; inducts John Carmack of id Software to the AIAS Hall of Fame
• BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts)hosts the 4th annual BAFTA Interactive Awards for multimedia technologies; 15 of 21 awards go to video games
• 7th annual E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo); the 4th annual Game Critics Awards For The Best Of E3
• Gama Network hosts the 3rd annual Independent Games Festival (IGF)
• Game Developers Conference hosts the 1st annual Game Developers Choice Awards
• Midway Games announces that it will no longer manufacture arcade games
• Reuters reports that the Sega Dreamcast console has an estimated 800,000 online users playing its various online games already by midyear
  • reports that Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE) and SEGA are cooperating to allow online users for the Playstation 2 and Dreamcast consoles to play each other via the 1st ever cross-console network
• Sony cooperates with AOL to incorporate Internet features with the Playstation 2 console; which include a browser, email, and instant messaging capabilities
• SEGA announces that it will no longer develop home consoles, in order to focus on game development
  • 2nd annual Sega Dreamcast Championships (featuring the Crazy Taxi 2 video game)
    • 1st place: Lindsay Gall ($15,000 & Jamaica resort trip)
    • 2nd place: Michael Pirring ($10,000)
    • 3rd place: Roger Mogle ($5,000)

• Sega of America Inc. v. Kmart Corporation; Sega sues Kmart over an unpaid debt of over USD$2 million dollars
• Uri Geller v. Nintendo; Geller sues Nintendo over his resemblance to a Pokemon character. The suit is dismissed.

• Game Park Inc.: GP32 (Game Park 32) wireless-multiplayer multimedia handheld console
• Indrema's L600 Entertainment System multimedia home console
• Microsoft's Xbox home console
• Nintendo:
  • GameCube home console
  • Game Boy Advance (GBA) backwards-compatible handheld console
• Panasonic's Q multimedia console

• Infogrames Entertainment SA releases Atari Anniversary Edition collection for the Dreamcast console and PC
• Nikkei News reports that the video game Phantasy Star Online (for Sega Dreamcast) has had 300,000 worldwide users login already by midyear

2000

• Electronic Arts Inc. acquires DreamWorks Interactive, LLC (games division of DreamWorks SKG)
• Infogrames, Inc. acquires Hasbro Interactive, Inc. (including the Game.com division and the rights to the Atari label); Infogrames also acquires Paradigm Entertainment, Inc.
• Microsoft Corporation acquires Bungie Software Products Corp.
• nVidia Corporation acquires 3Dfx Interactive, Inc.
• Sony Corporation acquires Verant Interactive, Inc.
• THQ Inc. acquires Volition
• Ubi Soft Entertainment, Inc. acquires Red Storm Entertainment, Inc.

• SNK

• Summer - 21-6 Productions founded
• Sega Rosso renamed (formerly SEGA's AM5 team)
• Smilebit founded (formerly SEGA's AM6 R&D division)
• Yeti Interactive founded

• June 26 - International Game Developers Assocation renamed from Computer Game Developers Assocation
• Reuters reports that the Sony Playstation 2 console will export controls by Trade Ministry of Japan since the PS2 is sophisticated enough for military application
• NPD Group, Inc. reports that Electronic Arts ranks 1st in third-party video game publishing in the USA, ahead of Infogrames Entertainment SA
• Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences hosts the 3rd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards inducts Hironobu Sakaguchi of Square Enix to the AIAS Hall of Fame
• BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts hosts the 4th annual BAFTA Interactive Awards for multimedia technologies; 7 of 20 awards go to video games; awards David Bowie in part for his contributions to the video game (for PC)
• 6th annual E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo); the 3rd annual Game Critics Awards for the Best of E3
• Gama Network hosts the 2nd annual Independent Games Festival (IGF)
• Mattel, Inc. sells Learning Co. to Gores Technology Group
• Nintendo sells its 100,000,000th Game Boy handheld console
  • spends over USD$80 million issuing gloves to over a 1,000,000 children after numerous reports of serious hand injuries from the controllers while playing certain stages of Mario Party (for N64)
• Midway / Williams announces to cease the Atari Games label
• Sega.com launches SegaNet, the 1st online console gaming network
  • 1st annual Sega Dreamcast Championships (featuring the Sonic Adventure video game)
• All of SEGA's the internal consumer research & development divisions become individual developer companies
• Maxis publishes Will Wright's The Sims, which goes on to be the best-selling computer game of its time

• Bandai's Wonderswan Color handheld in Japan
• SEGA's Naomi 2 arcade console
• Sony's Playstation 2 (PS2) home console
• Toymax's Activision TV Games controller/console

• Nintendo of America, Sega America, Electronic Arts, Inc v. Yahoo!, Inc.; The lawsuit is over piracy negligence and profiting from counterfeit video game products sold on Yahoo Auctions. The lawsuit is fully dropped in 2001 in order to cooperate against piracy.

• Electronic Arts's Ultima Online video game has over 150,000 online users by the end of February
• SEGA's ChuChu Rocket video game released as the 1st online console game; NFL 2K1 video game, the 1st online console sports game; Phantasy Star Online video game, the 1st online console RPG

1990s

1999

• Activision acquires Elsinore Multimedia, Expert Software, and Neversoft Entertainment
• Infogrames Entertainment SA acquires Accolade, Gremlin Interactive (renamed Infogrames Sheffield House), GT Interactive Software (GTIS), and Ozisoft
• Take 2 Interactive acquires TalonSoft

• 3d6 Games, Inc. founded (closes November 1, 2002)
• October – 7FX founded as subsidiary of a Czech company
• 7 Studios founded
• BAM! Entertainment, Inc. founded
• Bohemia Interactive Studio founded
• April - Liquid Entertainment founded

• Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences hosts 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards; inducts Sid Meier of Firaxis to the AIAS Hall of Fame
• BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts)hosts the 2nd annual BAFTA Interactive Awards
• Billy Mitchell scores a perfect 3,333,360 points on the Pac-Man arcade game
• 5th annual E3(Electronic Entertainment Expo); the 2nd annual Game Critics Awards for the Best of E3
• Gama Network hosts the 1st annual Independent Games Festival (IGF)
• June 18 - Minh Le and Jess Cliffe release the Counter-Strike mod for Half-Life

• Nintendo's Game Boy Light (GBL) handheld console in Japan only
• SEGA Dreamcast, an Internet-ready 128-bit home console
• SNK's Neo Geo Pocket Color handheld
• Tiger Electronics Game.com Pocket Pro handheld

• Nintendo v. Bung Enterprises Ltd.; Nintendo sues Bung over patent infringement
• Sony Corporation v. Bleem LLC

• Bleem releases the Bleem! emulator for Playstation for an IBM-compatible PC
• Connectix Corporation releases the Virtual Game Station emulator for Playstation for a Macintosh

1998

• Activision acquires CD Contact Data and Head Game Publishing
• Eidos Interactive acquires Crystal Dynamics
• Electronic Arts Inc. acquires Virgin Studio and Westwood Studios, Inc.
• Hasbro, Inc. acquires Atari Corporation (from JTS Corp.), Microprose, and Tiger Electronics

• JTS Corp. (Atari Corporation)

• BreakAway Games, Ltd. founded
• Elixir Studios Ltd. formed
• Lego Media established by Lego Group
• Metro3D, Inc. founded
• Rockstar Games founded
• WildTangent, Inc. founded

• Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences hosts 1st Annual Interactive Achievement Awards; inducts Shigeru Miyamoto of Nintendo to the AIAS Hall of Fame
• BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts) hosts the 1st annual BAFTA Interactive Awards
• 4th annual E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo); the 1st annual Game Critics Awards for the Best of E3
• Game One channel (subsidiary of Canalplus); Infogrames Entertainment SA and Canal+ launch the Game One television channel

• Bandai's Wonderswan handheld in Japan
• Majesco Sales Inc.'s Genesis 3 home console
• Nintendo:
  • Game Boy Color (GBC) handheld console
  • Camera & Printer accessories for the Game Boy handheld console
• SEGA's Naomi arcade console and Dreamcast home console
• SNK's Neo Geo Pocket (NGP) handheld

• Nintendo releases Pokemon video game for Game Boy
• Sierra On-Line publishes Valve Software's Half-Life

1997

Acquisitions

• Activision acquires CentreSoft Ltd. and Raven Software
• Electronic Arts Inc. acquires Maxis

• Gametek

• 2015 Inc. founded
• 4D Rulers Software, Inc. founded
• September - 4HEAD Studios created
• Bungie Studios West formed by Bungie Software Products Corp.
• Conspiracy Entertainment Corporation founded
• Crave Entertainment, Inc. formed
• August - Human Head Studios, Inc. formed
• Illusion Softworks, a.s. founded
• April 15 - Irem Software Engineering Inc. founded
• Irrational Games LLC founded
• Mythic Entertainment renames itself from Interworld Productions after name dispute with another "Interworld" company
• THQ renamed from Toy Head-Quarters, Inc.
• Warthog PLC founded

• 3rd annual E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo)
• Gunpei Yokoi (1941-1997) dies after a double car accident

• Nintendo releases NES 2 compact home console and SNES 2 compact home console
• Sony releases Playstation development software for PC
• Tiger Electronics releases Game.com

• Nintendo v. Games City; Nintendo sues Games City for selling the Game Doctor and Doctor V64 backup devices for the SNES and N64 consoles. Nintendo wins the suit.
• Nintendo v. Prima Publishing; Nintendo sues Prima over copyrights to map of the N64 video game GoldenEye 007. Nintendo loses the suit

1996

• February - Blizzard Entertainment acquires development group known as Condor, renames it Blizzard North
• Eidos acquires Core Design
• Infogrames Entertainment SA acquires Ocean Software Ltd.
• Midway Games, Inc. (subsidiary of WMS Industries, formerly known as Williams Electronics) acquiresAtari Games Corp from Warner Communications Inc. (AOL Time Warner in 2000)

• Technos Japan Corporation, originator of the Nekketsu Kouha Kunio Kun series and Double Dragon series (assets acquired by Atlus Corporation)

• John Romero and Tom Hall leave id Software and form Ion Storm in Dallas, Texas
• Atari Corporation merges with JTS Corp.
• Black Isle Studios forms as a division by Interplay; doesn't use Black Isle name until 1998
• Game Park Inc. founded in Korea
• The company formed by Microprose and Spectrum Holobyte in 1993 starts branding using only the Microprose name
• Overworks, Ltd. formed
• November - Red Storm Entertainment, Inc.
• Zed Two Limited formed

• DigiPen Institute of Technology receives accreditation, first school in North America to offer college degrees in video game development, with support from Nintendo
• 2nd annual E3
• Gunpei Yokoi resigns from Nintendo
• First console emulators appear

• Bandai's Tamagotchi virtual pet handheld
• Nintendo:
  • Nintendo 64 (N64) 64-bit console
  • Game Boy Pocket (GBP) handheld console (30% smaller version of the previous Game Boy handheld console)
• SEGA's Net Link modem for the Sega Saturn home console
• SNK's Neo Geo CDZ in Japan only
• Namco's Alpine Racer arcade game, including a new type of user interface

• Nintendo of America, Inc. v. Computer & Entertainment, Inc.

• Sony releases Crash Bandicoot video game
• Tomb Raider video game released for the Sega Saturn console

1995

• Frog City Software, Inc. established
• Interworld Productions established (renamed Mythic Entertainment in 1997)
• Talonsoft established
• BioWare founded

• The 1st annual E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo) held

• Nintendo releases:
  • Game Boy Play-It-Loud (GBPIL) color/clear versions of Game Boy
  • Virtual Boy (by Gunpei Yokoi) 32-bit console
  • Satellaview BS-X accessory for the Famicom console in Japan only
• SEGA releases:
  • Sega Saturn home console in North America
  • Sega 32X add-on for the Sega Megadrive in Europe

• Nintendo v. Samsung Electronics; Nintendo sues Samsung for promoting software piracy. The suit is settled.
• Nintendo of America, Inc. v. NTDEC

1994

• Aiwa releases the CSD-GLM Mega Drive multimedia home console in Japan only
• Apogee establishes the 3D Realms Entertainment division
• Bandai releases the Playdia multimedia home console
• Blizzard Entertainment is renamed from Silicon & Synapse
• ESRB (Entertainment Software Rating Board) established by the ESA (Entertainment Software Association, formerly IDSA, Interactive Digital Software Association)
• NEC releases the PC-FX multimedia home console
• Nintendo releases the Super Game Boy adapter for the SNES home console; releases the Donkey Kong Country video game
  • Alpex Computer Corp. v. Nintendo lawsuit: Alpex sues Nintendo over patent infringements. Nintendo loses the case.
  • Nintendo of America, Inc. v. Dragon Pacific Intern
• SEGA:
  • introduces the cable TV Sega Channel in cooperation with Time Warner (AOL Time Warner); the subscription service provides Sega Genesis games via cable box to customers
  • releases the 32X adapter for the Sega Genesis in North America and the Sega Megadrive in Japan
  • releases the Nomad handheld console in North America

  • releases the Sega Saturn home console in Japan
  • releases the Daytona USA arcade game
• SNK releases the Neo Geo CD home console
• Sony releases the Playstation (PS) home console
• William Higinbotham, inventor of the video game, dies at 84
• Defunct companies: Commodore

1993

• Atari releases the Jaguar home console
• Broderbund releases the Myst video game, which goes on to become one of the bestselling games of all time
• Commodore releases the Amiga CD32 multimedia home console
• id Software releases the DOOM computer game
• Magnavox is acquired by the Carlyle Group
• Microprose Inc. is acquired by the Spectrum Holobyte
• Nintendo releases the Star Fox video game (the 1st game to use the Super FX Chip)
• Panasonic releases the 3DO home console
• Pioneer releases the Laseractive multimedia home console
• SEGA's Mega-CD released in Europe and Australia; releases the Virtua Fighter (by AM2) arcade game, which is later displayed at the Smithsonian Institution; releases the Night Trap video game for the Sega CD console
• Tandy releases the Video Information System (VIS) multimedia Internet home console
• New companies: nVidia Corporation, 3DO Company, Take-Two Interactive Software Inc., Croteam Ltd.

1992

• Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
• JVC releases the Wondermega console
• Midway Home Entertainment releases the Mortal Kombat arcade game
• Philips releases the CD-I multimedia home console
• Super Nintendo released in Europe
  • Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
• SEGA releases the Sega CD home console in North America; releases the Virtua Racing arcade game
• Taito Corporation creates the Wowow home console (unreleased)
• TTI (Turbo Technologies Inc.) releases the Turboduo home console
• New companies: Wow Entertainment Inc. (AM1)

1991

• Fujitsu releases the FM Towns Marty home console
• Super Nintendo released in North America
  • New York State v. Nintendo lawsuit: the state attorney general sues Nintendo over the monopoly of the video game industry. Nintendo loses the suit and offers customers a $5 rebate on Nintendo games
• SEGA releases
  • Sega Mega CD in Japan
  • Sonic the Hedgehog in (by AM8, later Sonic Team) video game for the Sega Genesis in North America, and for the Sega Megadrive in Europe and Japan
• New companies: Vicarious Visions, Inc, id Software, Bungie Software, Silicon & Synapse

1990

• Camerica releases the Game Genie adapter in Canada (1991 in the USA)
• NEC releases the TurboExpress handheld console
• Nintendo releases the Super Mario 3 video game; releases the Super Famicom 16-bit console in Japan
  • Nintendo v. Color Dreams lawsuit: Nintendo sues Color Dreams over unlicensed production of Nintendo video games
• Nintendo of America introduces Squaresoft's Final Fantasy video game series to North America
• SNK releases the Neo Geo Advanced Entertainment System (AES) home console
• SEGA's Megadrive released in Europe; releases the R-360 arcade game, the first 3D - 360° gameplay
• October 6 - Sega Game Gear released in Japan, launched in North America in 1991 and Europe and Australia in 1992
• THQ Inc.: Toy Head-Quarters merges with Trinity Acquisition Corporation
• New companies: Eidos Interactive, Team17 Software Limited, Natsume Inc.

1980s

1989

• Hasbro, Inc. acquires Coleco Industries, Inc.

• Trinity Acquisition Corporation founded (renamed THQ in 1990)

• Atari Inc. releases Lynx handheld console
• Mattel, Inc. releases Power Glove controller for the NES home console
• Nintendo releases Game Boy (GB) (by Gunpei Yokoi) handheld console
• NEC's Turbografx 16 released in Japan
• Sega Genesis released in North America

• Nintendo of America, Inc. v. Tengen
  • Nintendo sues Tengen over the Tetris video game copyrights. Tengen loses and recalls all its Tetris games.
  • Nintendo sues Tengen over production of unlicensed Nintendo games. Nintendo loses
• Nintendo v. Camerica Ltd. Nintendo sues Camerica over patent violations of the Game Genie for the NES console. Camerica wins the suit.

• Maxis releases SimCity
• Tengen releases an unlicensed version of the Tetris video game
• Wes Cherry writes Solitaire for Microsoft Windows

1988

• Activision renamed to Mediagenic
• Nintendo releases the Nintendo Power magazine
  • Nintendo v. Camerica Ltd. lawsuit: Nintendo sues Camerica over the clone production of an Advantage joystick controller for the NES console
• Sega Megadrive released in Japan
• Warner Communications' Atari Games Corp establishes the Tengen division
• Electronic Arts releases John Madden Football for the Apple II, starting its highly successful line of American football games

• New companies: KOEI Co., Ltd., Visual Concepts
• Defunct companies: Coleco Industries Inc.

1987

• Activision acquires Infocom
• Atari releases the XE Game System (XEGS) home console
• Electronic Arts acquires Batteries Included
• Konami Corporation releases the Castlevania video game
• NEC releases the PC Engine console in Japan
• Taito Corporation releases the Double Dragon arcade game
• Squaresoft's Hironobu Sakaguchi introduces the Final Fantasy video games to Japan
• Sega Master System released in Japan
• Nintendo of America, Inc. v. Blockbuster Entertainment lawsuit: Nintendo sues Blockbuster for photocopying complete NES manuals for its rental games. Nintendo wins the suit, and Blockbuster includes original manuals with its rentals.

• New companies: Acclaim Entertainment, Inc., Maxis, Gametek Inc., Apogee Software, Ltd., Empire Interactive PLC

1986

• Activision acquires Gamestar Software
• Atari releases the Atari 7800 backwards-compatible home console
• Nintendo releases the Metroid video game; releases the Famicom Disk Drive System home console in Japan only; releases the Legend of Zelda (by Shigeru Miyamoto) video game
• SEGA releases the Sega Master System home console in the United States; releases the Out Run arcade game
• Sharp releases the Twin Famicom home console
• Sinclair Research Ltd. is acquired by the British government
• Taito Corporation releases the Bubble Bobble arcade game; releases the Arkanoid arcade game

• New companies: Majesco Sales Inc., Ubi Soft Entertainment, Inc., Bethesda Softworks Inc.

1985

• Alex Pajitnov creates the Tetris video game
• Atari releases the Gauntlet arcade game (by Ed Logg)
• Commodore releases the Amiga 1000 home computer
• INTV Corp. releases the INTV III home console
• Namco creates the Xevious arcade game
• Nintendo releases the NES video game console in the United States; releases the Super Mario Bros. video game; releases the Robotic Operating Buddy (ROB) robot and video game for the NES home console
• Sears (Tele-Games) releases the Dina home console

• New companies: Titus Interactive, Westwood Studios, Inc., Square Co. Ltd.
• Defunct companies: RDI Systems

1984

• Activision releases the Pitfall video game (by David Crane)
• Hasbro, Inc. acquires Milton Bradley Company
• Milton Bradley Company distributes the Vectrex home console
• RDI Systems releases the Halcyon laser-disc home console; releases the Thayer's Quest arcade game
• Sega Enterprises and CSK merge to form Sega Enterprises Ltd.; SG-1000 Mark III released in Japan
• Warner Communications Inc. sells Atari, Inc.; creates an entirely new division Atari Games Corp

• New companies: Kemco, Accolade
• Defunct companies: Astrocade Inc.

1983

• Video game crash of 1983: Console and home video game sales plummet
• Acornsoft releases the Elite video game
• Bally/Midway releases the Spy Hunter arcade game
• Coleco Industries releases the Colecovision home console; releases the Adam home console/computer
• Commodore releases the Commodore 64 (C-64) home computer
• Electronic Arts releases the One-On-One arcade game
• Gottlieb releases the Mad Planets arcade game
• Magicom (formerly Starcom) creates the Space Ace laser-disc arcade game (Cinematronics manufactures & markets it)
• Mattel releases the Aquarius home console; releases the Intellivision II home console
• Mystique releases the Custer's Revenge adult video game for the Atari 2600 home console
• Nintendo releases the Famicom home console in Japan; MCA vs Nintendo lawsuit: MCA sues Nintendo over the title resemblance of the Donkey Kong video game to the King Kong movie. MCA loses the case
• SEGA's SG-1000 released in Japan
• Starcade the video game TV game show
• Starcom (later Magicom) creates the Dragon's Lair laser-disc arcade game (Cinematronics manufactures & markets it)
• Warner Communications' Atari releases the Star Wars arcade game; Atari, Inc. v. Coleco
• Williams Electronics releases the Blaster arcade game

• New companies: Infogrames Entertainment SA, Interplay Entertainment Corp., Navarre Corporation, AM2, Origin Systems, Inc.
• Defunct companies: Many companies are affected by the video game crash

1982

• Acorn releases the BBC Micro home computer, which brought the game Elite to prominence
• Astrocade Inc. (formerly Astrovision) releases the Astrocade console
• Bally/Midway releases the Tron arcade game before the movie
• Coleco Industries releases the Gemini home console
• Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer
• Emerson releases the Arcadia 2001 home console
• Entrex releases the Adventure Vision home console
• GCE (General Consumer Electronics) releases the Vectrex home console
• Gottlieb releases the Q-Bert arcade game
• Milton Bradley Company releases the Microvision home console
• Namco releases the Pole Position racing arcade game; releases the Dig Dug arcade game (licenses it to Atari)
• SEGA releases the Zaxxon arcade game
• Sinclair Research releases the ZX Spectrum home computer, at the time the most common gaming computer in the UK
• Warner Communications' Atari releases the Quantum arcade game; releases the Atari 5200 home console
• Williams Electronics releases the Joust arcade game; releases the arcade game

• New companies: Electronic Arts Inc., Lucasfilm Games, MicroProse Software, Inc.

1981

• Astrovision Inc. distributes the Bally Computer System after buying the rights from Bally/Midway
• Bally/Midway releases the Gorf arcade game
• Coleco Industries releases the Total Control 4 home console
• Konami Corporation creates the Frogger video game
• Namco releases the Galaga arcade game
• Nelsonic releases the Space Attacker watch LCD game
• Nintendo releases Shigeru Miyamoto's Donkey Kong arcade game
• SEGA test markets the SG-1000 home console
• Sinclair Research releases the ZX81 home computer, the first widely available 'domestic' computer to play games in the UK
• Warner Communications' Atari releases the Centipede arcade game (by Ed Logg & Dona Bailey); releases the Warlords arcade game; releases the Tempest color vector arcade game
• Williams Electronics releases the Stargate arcade game

• APF Electronics Inc. goes defunct

1980

• Apple Computer releases the Akalabeth video game for the Apple IIe
• Namco releases Toru Iwatani's Pac-Man arcade game
• Nintendo releases the Radarscope arcade game and the Game & Watch handheld LCD game by Gunpei Yokoi
• Sinclair Research releases the ZX80 home computer, the first 'domestic' computer to play games in the UK
• Stern Electronics (a subsidiary of Universal Research Laboratories) releases the Berzerk arcade game
• Texas Instruments releases the TI-99/4 home console
• Warner Communications' Atari releases the Missile Command arcade game and the Battlezone arcade game (it is later enhanced for the US Army for military training)
• Williams Electronics releases the Defender arcade game

• New companies: Mindscape, Inc., Sierra On-Line

1970s

1979

• Bally releases the Videocade & Computer System home console
• Cinematronics releases the Warrior arcade game
• Mattel, Inc. releases the Intellivision console
• Milton Bradley Company releases the Microvision handheld
• SEGA releases the Monaco GP arcade game
• Texas Instruments releases the Gamevision home console
• Warner Communications' Atari creates the Cosmos handheld (unreleased); releases the Adventure, Lunar Lander, and Ed Logg & Lyle Rains' Asteroids arcade games

• New companies: Activision, Capcom Inc., Infocom, Strategic Simulations, Inc.

1978

• APF Electronics Inc. releases the MP-1000 home console
• Bally/Midway releases the Bally Professional Arcade home console
• Cinematronics releases the Space Wars vector graphics arcade game
• Entreprex releases the Apollo 2001 home console
• Konami Corporation releases the Block Game arcade game
• Magnavox releases the Odyssey 2 (G7000 Videopac) home console
• Nintendo releases the Color TV Game 15 home console and the Computer Othello arcade game
• Taito Corporationreleases the Space Invaders arcade game
• Warner Communications' Atari introduces the trackball controller on the arcade game Football; releases the Pinball Game System home console
• SNK founded

1977

• Bally/Midway releases the Bally Home Library Computer home console
• Namco renamed from Nakamura Manufacturing Ltd.
• Nintendo Co. Ltd. releases the Color TV Game 4 home console and the Color TV Game 6 home console
• Warner Communications' Atari releases the Atari 2600 home console (originally named Video Computer System)

1976

• Coleco releases the Telstar home console
• Exidy releases the controversial Death Race arcade game
• Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp. releases the Video Entertainment System (Channel F) home cartridge console
• Midway Home Entertainment Inc. releases the Sea Wolf arcade game
• Radolfin releases the 1292 Advanced Programmable Video System home console
• RCA releases the Studio II home console
• Warner Communications Inc. acquires Atari

1975

• Atari releases the Pong home console
• Magnavox releases the Odyssey 4000 home console
• Microsoft established
• Midway Home Entertainment Inc. releases the Gunfight arcade game, the first to use a microprocessor

1974

• Atari releases the Gran Trak arcade racing game featuring a steering wheel
• Exidy company established
• Kee Games releases the Tank arcade game
• Philips acquires Magnavox (Philips Consumer Electronics)

1973

• Atari releases the Got'Cha arcade game
• Midway Home Entertainment Inc. releases the Winner arcade game
• Williams Electronics releases the Paddle-Ball arcade game

1972

• Atari established; releases the Pong arcade game (by Al Alcorn)
• Hunt The Wumpus video game developed by Gregory Yob while at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
• Magnavox releases the Odyssey home console
• Nakamura Manufacturing Ltd. begins using Namco brand name

1971

• Magnavox signs a preliminary license agreement with Sanders Associates
• Nutting Associates introduces the 1st ever arcade game Computer Space
• Oregon Trail video game begins development by Don Rawitsch

1970

• RCA cancels a license agreement with Sanders Associates

1960s

1969

• Konami Corporation established

1968

• Ralph Baer patents "A Television Gaming Apparatus and Method"

1967

• Sanders Associates -- Bill Harrison develops the a light gun
• Tecmo, Inc. established

1966

• Sanders Associates funds Ralph Baer to develop an interactive television game; he creates the primitive video game Chase in 2 months

1965

• Rosen Enterprises merges with SEGA

1964

1963

• Nintendo Co. Ltd. renamed from Nintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd.

1962

• Panasonic established by Matsushita Co.
• Spacewar video game presented at the MIT Science Open House

1961

• Spacewar! becomes the second video game; created by Steve Russell with assistance from Peter Samson, Dan Edwards, Alan Kotok, & J. Graetz

1960

• SEGA Corporation is incorporated

1950s

1959

• Midway Home Entertainment Inc. established
• Tennis For Two video game exhibited for visitors to the Brookhaven National Laboratories, for its second and last season before its dismantling.

1958

• William Higinbotham and Robert Dvorak develop an unpatented video game called Tennis For Two on an analog computer connected to an oscilloscope as a screen at the Brookhaven National Laboratories in New York. The game is exhibited for visitors to play with using 2 bulky controllers each equipped with a knob for trajectory and a button for firing the ball over the net.

Before the video game era

1955

• Namco established as Nakamura Manufacturing Ltd.

1954

• Rosen Enterprises, Inc. established

1953

• Taito Corporation established
• SEGA is renamed from Standard Games to Service Games of Japan

1951

• Nintendo changes Marufuku Co. Ltd. to Nintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd.
• Ralph Baer, future founder of the video game industry, conceives the idea of an interactive television while employed by Loral Electronics in Bronx, New York
• SEGA Corporation moves from Honolulu to Tokyo

1950

• Bandai Co., Ltd. established in Tokyo

1945

• Mattel, Inc. established

1940

• Standard Games, later to be SEGA, established

1938

• Ralph Baer, the future founder of the video game industry, moves to the USA

1935

• TDK Corporation established

1933

• Nintendo Co. Ltd. established as Yamauchi Nintendo & Co.

1932

• Coleco Industries, Inc. established as the Connecticut Leather Company
• Bally Corporation established
• Lego Group, the future parent of the Lego Interactive division, established in Billund, Denmark

1931

• D. Gottlieb & Co. established

1923

• Hasbro established as Hassenfeld Brothers in Providence, Rhode Island

1922

• Ralph Baer, the future founder of the video game industry (and the handheld electronic game Simon), born in Germany

1918

• Panasonic's parent company established as Matsushita Electric Devices Manufacturing Works

1917

• Magnavox renamed from the Commercial Wireless & Development Company

1911

• Magnavox establishes as the "Commercial Wireless & Development Company"

1910

• William Higinbotham, the future inventor of the video game, born

1891

• Philips (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.) established

1889

• Fusajiro Yamauchi establishes what will become Nintendo in Japan

1871

• Nokia Corporation renamed to Nokia Ab

1865

• Nokia Corporation established in Tampere, Finland

1860

• Milton Bradley Company established in Springfield, Massachusetts

See also

• Video game crash of 1983
• AIAS Interactive Achievement Awards
• AIAS Hall of Fame
• BAFTA Interactive Awards
• Independent Games Festival
• Game Developers Choice Awards
• Game Critics Awards for the Best of E3

External links

• Tennis For Two (1958) The First Video Game (requires Realplayer) U.S. Department Of Energy Website
• Video Game Time Line Project, timeline of fictional events in video games
• Video Game Music Archive
• Video Game Museum game screenshots and platform specs
• Game Market Watch video game news
• Computer Games Magazine video game news
• ESRB (Entertainment Software Rating Board)

Award sites

• AIAS Hall of Fame
• E3 Game Critics Awards
• Independent Games Festival
• Game Developers Choice Awards
• AIAS Interactive Achievement Awards

Referenced By