Union of Utrecht
The Union of Utrecht (Dutch: Unie van Utrecht) is a treaty signed on January 23, 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under control of Spain. The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, which was not recognised internationally until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
The treaty was signed by Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and the province (but not the city) of Groningen. The treaty was a reaction of the Protestant provinces to the 1579 Union of Arras (Dutch: Unie van Atrecht), in which the southern provinces (most of them now part of Belgium) declared their support for the Catholic Spanish.
A number of cities, mainly in Flanders and Brabant, joined the Union after it was signed. However, these cities were conquered by the Spanish army, and did not become a part of the Republic.
Spanish rule was still recognized by the United Provinces after the Union of Utrecht. However, the Union contributed to the deterioration in the relationship between the provinces and their lord, and in 1581 the United Provinces declared their independence of the king in the Oath of Abjuration.
Referenced By
1579 | 23 January | 23rd January | Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza | Baden, Switzerland | Baden (Switzerland) | Dutch Independence War | Dutch Republic | Dutch Revolt | Dutch War of Independence | Eighty Years' War | Eighty Years War | Felipe II King | History of the Netherlands | January 23 | January 23rd | King Phillip II of Spain | List of international treaties | List of treaties | Marnix van St. Aldegonde | Netherlands' War of Independence | Netherlands/History | Noord-Brabant | Noord Brabant | North Brabant | Philip II of Spain | Philips van Marnix, heer van St Aldegonde | Phillip II of Spain | Republic of the Seven United Netherlands | Republic of the Seven United Provinces | Treaty of Utrecht | United Dutch Provinces | United Provinces | United Provinces of the Netherlands | Utrecht, Netherlands | Utrecht (city) | Vleuten | Willem I of Orange | Willem de Zwijger | Willem van Oranje of the Netherlands | William I, Prince of Orange | William I of Orange | William The Silent
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