Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions

• 1895 - Pierre Curie discovers that induced magnetization is proportional to magnetic field strength
• 1911 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers superconductivity
• 1912 - Peter Debye derives the T-cubed law for the low temperature heat capacity of a nonmetallic solid
• 1925 - Ernst Ising presents the solution to the one-dimensional Ising model and models ferromagnetism as a cooperative spin phenomenon
• 1929 - Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac and Werner Karl Heisenberg develop the quantum theory of ferromagnetism
• 1932 - Louis Eugène Félix Neel discovers antiferromagnetism
• 1933 - Walter Meissner and R. Ochsenfeld discover perfect superconducting diamagnetism
• 1933-1937 - Lev Davidovich Landau develops the Landau theory of phase transitions
• 1937 - Petr Leonidovich Kapitza and John Frank Allen discover superfluidity
• 1941 - Lev Davidovich Landau explains superfluidity
• 1942 - Hannes Alfven predicts magnetohydrodynamic waves in plasmas
• 1944 - Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model
• 1957 - John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer develop the BCS theory of superconductivity
• end of the 50th - Lev Davidovich Landau develops the theory of Fermi liquid
• 1959 - Philip Warren Anderson predicts localization in disordered systems
• 1972 - Douglas Osheroff, Robert Richardson, and David Lee discover that helium-3 can become a superfluid
• 1974 - Kenneth Wilson develops the renormalization group technique for treating phase transitions
• 1980 - Klaus von Klitzing discovers the quantum Hall effect
• 1982 - Horst L. Stoermer and Daniel C. Tsui discover the fractional quantum Hall effect
• 1983 - Robert B. Laughlin explains the fractional quantum Hall effect
• 1987 - Alex Muller and Georg Bednorz discover high critical temperature ceramic superconductors

Referenced By