Timeline of programming languages

See also Alphabetical list, Categorical list, and Generational list; Programming language, Computing timeline, and History of computing hardware.

pre 1950

Predecessor(s) YEAR PRODUCT -- Developer, Company

* 1840~ FIRST PROGRAM -- Lovelace * 1945 Plankalkül -- Zuse

1950

* 1952 A-0 -- Hopper 1954 Mark I Autocode -- Brooker A-0 1954 ARITH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 MATH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FLOW-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FORTRAN -- Backus 1956 Information Processing Language -- Newell, Shaw, Simon FLOW-MATIC 1957 COMTRAN -- Bemer FORTRAN 1958 FORTRAN II -- Backus FORTRAN 1958 Algol 58 * 1959 LISP McCarthy

1960

FLOW-MATIC COMTRAN 1960 COBOL The Codasyl Committee ALGOL 1960 Algol 60 ALGOL 1960 JOSS FORTRAN II 1962 FORTRAN IV * 1962 APL -- Iverson ALGOL58 1962 MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder) -- Arden, et. al. ALGOL60 1962 Simula FORTRAN II 1962 SNOBOL -- Griswold, et al. ALGOL60 1963 CPL -- Barron, Strachey, et al. SNOBOL 1962 SNOBOL3 -- Griswold, et al. CPL LISP 1964 COWSEL Burstall, Popplestone ALGOL60 1964 PL/1 IBM team FORTRAN II, JOSS 1964 BASIC -- Kemeny and Kurtz FORTRAN II 1966 FORTRAN IV LISP 1966 ISWIM Landin ALGOL60 1966 CORAL66 Real Time version of Algol 60 CPL 1967 BCPL -- Richards Fortran LISP 1967 MUMPS -- Massachusetts General Hospital Simula 1967 Simula67 SNOBOL3 1967 SNOBOL4 -- Griswold, et al. Algol60 1968 ALGOL 68 -- Wijngaarten, et al. COWSEL 1968 POP-1 -- Burstall, Popplestone

1968 Forth -- Moore (first paper, 1970) Lisp 1968 Logo -- Papert

1970

POP-1 1970 POP-2 ALGOL60 1971 Pascal -- Wirth, Jensen Simula67 1972 Smalltalk Environment -- Smalltalk--Digitalk B BCPL 1972 C -- Ritchie * 1972 INTERCAL * 1973 PROLOG -- Colmeraurer BASIC 1973 COMAL LISP 1975 Scheme -- Sussman, Steele BASIC 1975 Altair BASIC -- Gates, Allen C FORTRAN 1976 RATFOR -- Kernighan MUMPS 1977 X11.1 ANSI Standard MUMPS

FORTRAN IV 1978 FORTRAN77 ( * 1978 VISICALC -- Bricklin, Frankston) C SNOBOL 1979 Awk -- Aho, Kernighan ( * 1979 VULCAN DBASE-II -- Ratliff ) Algol68 1979 Green -- Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense

1980

C Simula67 1980 C with Classes -- Stroustrup Simula67 1980 Smalltalk-80 -- Digitalk Green 1983 Ada -- US Dept of Defense C with Classes 1983 C++ -- Stroustrup Pascal 1983 Turbo Pascal -- Hejlsberg * 1984 Standard ML ML = Meta-Language 1977MUMPS 1985 1984 MUMPS ( dBase 1984 CLIPPER -- Nantucket ) ( dBase 1985 PARADOX -- Borland ) Simula67 1986 Eiffel -- Meyer ( * 1987 HyperCard -- Apple ) ( * 1987 SQL-1 ) Awk 1987 Perl -- Wall MATLAB 1988 Octave dBase-III 1988 dBaseIV Awk Lisp 1988 Tcl -- Ousterhout Turbo-Pascal 1989 Turbo-Pascal+OOP -- Borland C 1989 Standard C -- ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990) Pascal Modula-II 1989 OBERON -- Wirth

1990

1990 Haskell 1984MUMPS 1990 1990 MUMPS 1991 Python -- van Rossum 1991 Q ( SQL-1 1992 SQL-2 ) Turbo-Pascal OOP 1992 Borland Pascal 1993 Brainfuck -- Mueller Perl Smalltalk 1993 Ruby 1993 Lua Ada 83 1995 Ada 95 -- ISO Borland Pascal 1995 Delphi(1) -- Borland C++ Internet OOP 1995 Java -- Sun Microsystems 1990MUMPS 1995 1995 MUMPS Standard ML,84 1997 SML'97 PHP 3 1997 PHP Scheme 1997 Pico -- Free University of Brussels C++ 1998 C++98 -- ANSI/ISO Standard C++

2000

2000 Joy -- von Thun C C++ 2000 D -- Walter Bright, Digital Mars C C++ COM Java 2000 C# -- Microsoft DELPHI(5) 2001 KYLIX -- Borland Whitespace 2003 Whitespace -- Brady and Morris Perl C++ 2003 S2

Programming languages with unknown or questionable dates

* 197? sh (Bourne Shell) -- Bourne sh 19?? ksh (Korn Shell) -- Korn ksh 199? zsh (Z Shell) HyperCard 199? AppleScript -- Apple * 1990 Self -- Sun Microsystems Inc. Self Java 199? LiveScript -- Brendan Eich, Netscape (Self inspired, made for Java interactions) LiveScript 1995 JavaScript -- Netscape JavaScript 1997 ECMAScript -- ECMA TC39-TG1 2003 Rikstation

Legend:

OLD <> NEW Predecessor(s) etc YEAR PRODUCT -- developer, Company ( Item ) non 'universal programming language' * newly developededition

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