Radon-Nikodym theorem
In mathematics, the Radon-Nikodym theorem is a result in functional analysis that states that if a measure Q is absolutely continuous with respect to another sigma-finite measure P then there is a measurable function f, taking values in [0,∞], on the underlying space such that
for any measurable set A.
The function f is commonly written dQ/dP and is called the Radon-Nikodym derivative. The choice of notation and the name of the function reflects the fact that the function is analogous to a derivative in calculus in the sense that it describes the rate of change of probability density of one measure with respect to another. It follows trivially from the definition of the derivative that
where E is the expectation operator.
The theorem is named for Johann Radon, who proved the theorem for the special case where the underlying space is  in 1913, and for Otto Nikodym who proved the general case in 1930.
Referenced By
Absolute continuity | Absolute contiuity | Absolutely continuous | Conditional expectation | Conditional expected value | Johann Radon | List of mathematical topics (P-R) | List of real analysis topics
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