The Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem is one of nine patriarchs in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Until 451, Jerusalem was an Orthodox bishopric, but it was recognized as a patriarchate by the Council of Chalcedon that year. The earliest bishop is recorded in 62. After the Arab conquest, Muslims recognized Jerusalem as the seat of Christianity and the Patriarch as its leader. In 1099 the Crusaders appointed a Latin Patriarch, and exiled the Orthodox Patriarch from the city. Until 1187 the Orthodox Patriarch lived in Constantinople. Today the headquarters of the patriarchate is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
