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List of lasers
Many thousands of different kinds of laser are known, although most of these are not used beyond specialised research. The following is a list of common lasers, their operational wavelengths, and their applications.
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Laser gain medium and type
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Operation wavelength(s)
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Pump source
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Applications and notes
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Helium-neon (HeNe) gas laser
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632.8 nm (543.5 nm, 594 nm, 612 nm, 1.423 μm)
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Electrical discharge
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Interferometry, holography, spectroscopy, barcode scanning, alignment, optical demonstrations.
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Argon ion gas laser
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488.0 nm, 514.5 nm, (351 nm, 465.8 nm, 472.7 nm, 528.7 nm)
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Electrical discharge
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Retinal phototherapy (for diabetes), lithography, pumping other lasers.
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Carbon dioxide gas laser
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10.6 μm, (9.4 μm)
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Transverse electrical discharge
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Material processing (cutting, welding, etc.), surgery.
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Excimer chemical lasers
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193 nm (ArF), 248 nm (KrF), 308 nm (XeCl), 353 nm (XeF)
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Excimer recombination via electical discharge
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Ultraviolet lithography for semiconductor manufacturing, laser surgery, LASIK.
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Dye lasers
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390-435 nm (Stilbene), 460-515 nm (Coumarin 102), 570-640 nm (Rhodamine 6G), many others
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Other laser, flashlamp
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Research, spectroscopy, birthmark removal, isotope separation. The tuning range of the laser depends on the exact dye used.
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Ruby solid-state laser
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694.3 nm
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Flashlamp
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Holography, tattoo removal. The first type of laser invented, in 1960.
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Neodymium YAG (Nd:YAG) solid-state laser
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1.064 μm, (1.32 μm)
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Flashlamp, laser diode
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Material processing, rangefinding, laser target designation, surgery, research, pumping other lasers. One of the most common high power lasers.
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Titanium sapphire (Ti:sapphire) solid-state laser
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660-1100 nm
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Other laser
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Spectroscopy, LIDAR, research. This high-tunable infrared laser is often modelocked to produce ultra-short pulses.
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Holmium YAG (Ho:YAG) solid-state laser
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2.1 μm
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Laser diode
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Tissue ablation, kidney stone removal, dentistry.
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Erbium doped fibre laser
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1.53-1.56 μm
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Laser diode
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Optical amplifier for telecommunications over optical fibre.
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Semiconductor laser diode
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wavelength depends on device material: 0.4 μm (GaN) or 0.63-1.55 μm (AlGaAs) or 3-20 μm (lead salt)
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Electrical current
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Telecommunications, holography, laser pointers, printing, pump sources for other lasers. The 780 nm AlGaAs laser diode, used in compact disc players, is the most common type of laser in the world.
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See also laser construction.
Referenced By
Helium-neon laser | LASER | Lase | Lasers
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