| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4) |
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) |
Born Names |
Period of Reigns |
Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
| the Five Dynasties |
| Convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name |
| Hou (Later) Liang Dynasty 907-923 |
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Zhu Wen (朱溫 zhu1 wen1) |
907-912 |
Kaiping (開平 kai1 ping2) 907-911
Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 911-912
|
| did not exist |
Mo Di (末帝 mo4 di4) |
Zhu Zhen (朱瑱 zhu1 zhen4) |
913-923 |
Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 913-915
Zhenming (貞明 zhen1 ming2) 915-921
Longde (龍德 long2 de2) 921-923
|
| Hou (Later) Tang Dynasty 923-936 |
| Zhuang Zong (莊宗 zhuang1 zong1) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Li Cun Xu (李存勗 li3 cun2 xu4) |
923-926 |
Tongguang (同光 tong2 guang1) 923-926
|
| Ming Zong (明宗 ming2 zong1) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Li Si Yuan (李嗣源 li3 si4 yuan2) or Li Dan (李亶 li3 dan3) |
926-933 |
Tiancheng (天成 tian1 cheng2) 926-930
Changxing (長興 chang2 xing1) 930-933
|
| did not exist |
Min Di (節閔帝 min3 di4) |
Li Cong Xu (李從厚 li3 cong2 hou4) |
933-934 |
Yingshun (應順 ying4 shun4) 913-9115
|
| did not exist |
Mo Di (末帝 mo4 di4) |
Li Cong Ke (李從珂 li3 cong2 ke1) |
934-936 |
Qingtai (清泰 qing1 tai4) 934-936
|
| Hou (Later) Jin Dynasty 936-947 |
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Shi Jing Tang (石敬瑭 shi4 jing4 tang2) |
936-942 |
Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 936-942
|
| did not exist |
Chu Di (出帝 chu1 di4) |
Shi Chong Gui (石重貴 shi4 chong2 gui4) |
942-947 |
Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 942-944
Kaiyun (開運 kai1 yun4) 944-947
|
| Hou (Later) Han Dynasty 947-950 |
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Liu Zhi Yuan (劉知遠 liu3 zhi1 yuan3) |
947-948 |
Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 947
Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 948
|
| did not exist |
Yin Di (隱帝 yin3 di4) |
Liu Cheng You (劉承祐 liu3 cheng2 you4) |
948-950 |
Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 948-950
|
| Hou (Later) Zhou Dynasty 951-960 |
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Guo Wei (郭威 guo1 wei1) |
951-954 |
Guangshun (廣順 guang3 shun4) 951-954
Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 954
|
| Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Chai Rong (柴榮 chai2 rong2 |
954-959 |
Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 954-959
|
| did not exist |
Gong Di (恭帝 gong1 di4) |
Chai Zong Xun (柴宗訓 chai2 zong1 xun4) |
959-960 |
Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 959-960
|
| the Ten Kingdoms |
| Convention: use born names, noticed otherwise |
| Wu Yue Kingdom 904-978 |
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) |
Wu Su Wang (武肅王 wu3 su4 wang2) |
Qian Liu (錢鏐 qian2 liu2 |
904-932 |
Tianbao (天寶 tian1 bao3) 908-923
Baoda (寶大 bao3 da4) 923-925
Baozheng (寶正 bao3 zheng4) 925-932
|
| Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1) |
Wen Mu Wang (文穆王 wen2 mu4 wang2) |
Qian Yuan Quan (錢元瓘 qian2 yuan2 guan4) |
932-941 |
did not exist |
| Cheng Zong (成宗 cheng2 zong1) |
Zhong Xian Wang (忠獻王 zhong1 xian4 wang2) |
Qian Zuo (錢佐 qian2 zuo3) |
941-947 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Zhong Xun Wang (忠遜王 zhong1 xun4 wang2) |
Qian Zong (錢倧 qian2 zong1) |
947 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Zhong Yi Wang (忠懿王 zhong1 yi4 wang2) |
Qian Chu (錢俶 qian2 chu4) |
947-978 |
did not exist |
| Min Kingdom 909-945 including Yin Kingdom 943-945 |
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) |
Zhong Yi Wang (忠懿王 zhong1 yi4 wang2) |
Wang Shen Zhi (王審知 wang2 shen3 zhi1) |
909-925 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
did not exist |
Wang Yan Han (王延翰 wang2 yan2 han4) |
925-926 |
did not exist |
| Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1) |
Hui Di (惠帝 hui4 di4) |
Wang Yan Jun (王延鈞 wang2 yan2 jun1) |
926-935 |
Longqi (龍啟 long2 qi3) 933-935
Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 935
|
| Kang Zong (康宗 kang1 zong1) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Wang Ji Peng (王繼鵬 wang2 ji4 peng2) |
935-939 |
Tongwen (通文 tong1 wen2) 936-939
|
| Jing Zong (景宗 jing3 zong1) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Wang Yan Xi (王延羲 wang2 yan2 xi1) |
939-944 |
Yonglong (永隆 yong3 long2) 939-944
|
| did not exist |
Tian De Di (天德帝 tian1 de2 di4) (as Emperor of Yin) |
Wang Yan Zheng (王延政 wang2 yan2 zheng4) |
943-945 |
Tiande (天德 tian1 de2) 943-945
|
| Jing Nan or Nan Ping Kingdom 906-963 |
| did not exist |
Wu Xin Wang (武信王 wu3 xin4 wang2) |
Gao Ji Xing (高季興 gao1 ji4 xing1) |
909-928 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Wen Xian Wang (文獻王 wen2 xin4 wang2) |
Gao Cong Hui (高從誨 gao1 cong2 hui4) |
928-948 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Zhen Yi Wang (貞懿王 yi4 wang2) |
Gao Bao Rong (高寶融 gao1 bao3 rong2) |
948-960 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Shi Zhong (侍中 shi4 zhong1) |
Gao Bao Xu (高寶勗 gao1 bao3 xu4) |
960-962 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
did not exist |
Gao Ji Chong (高繼沖 gao1 ji4 chong1) |
962-963 |
did not exist |
| Chu Kingdom 897-951 |
| did not exist |
Wu Mo Wang (武穆王 wu3 mo4 wang2) |
Ma Yin (馬殷 ma3 yin1v |
897-930 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Heng Yang Wang (衡陽王 heng2 yang2 wang2) |
Ma Xi Sheng (馬希聲 ma3 xi1 sheng1) |
930-932 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Wen Zhao Wang (文昭王 wen2 zhao1 wang2) |
Ma Xi Fan (馬希範 ma3 xi1 fan4) |
932-947 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Fei Wang (廢王 fei4 wang2) |
Ma Xi Guang (馬希廣 ma3 xi1 guang3) |
947-950 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Gong Xiao Wang (恭孝王 gong1 xiao4 wang2) |
Ma Xi E (馬希萼 ma3 xi1 e4) |
950 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
did not exist |
Ma Xi Chong (馬希崇 ma3 xi1 chong2) |
950-951 |
did not exist |
| Wu Kingdom 904-937 |
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) |
Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao4 wu3 di4) |
Yang Xing Mi (楊行密 yang2 xing2 mi4) |
904-905 |
Tianyao (天祐 tian1 you4) 904-905
|
| Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1) |
Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4) |
Yang Wo (楊渥 yang2 wo4) |
905-908 |
Tianyao (天祐 tian1 you4) 905-908
|
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) |
Xuan Di (宣帝 xuan1 di4) |
Yang Long Yan (楊隆演 yang2 long2 yan3) |
908-921 |
Tianyao (天祐 tian1 you4) 908-919
Wuyi (武義 wu3 yi4) 919-921 |
| did not exist |
Rui Di (睿帝 rui4 di4) |
Yang Pu (楊溥 yang2 pu3) |
921-937 |
Shunyi (順義 shun4 yi4) 921-927
Qianzhen (乾貞 qian2 zhen1) 927-929
Dahe (大和 da4 he2) 929-935
Tianzuo (天祚 tian1 zuo4) 935-937
|
| Nan (Southern) Tang Dynasty 937-975 |
| Convention for this kingdom only : Nan (Southern) Tang + posthumous names. Hou Zhu was referred as Li Hou Zhu (李後主 li3 hou4 zhu3. |
| Xian Zhu (先主 xian1 zhu3) or Lie Zu (烈祖 lie4 zu3) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Li Bian (李(曰 on top of 弁) li3 bian4) |
937-943 |
Shengyuan (昇元 sheng1 yuan2) 937-943
|
| Zhong Zhu (中主 zhong1 zhu3) or Yuan Zong (元宗 yuan2 zong1v |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Li Jing (李璟 li3 jing3) |
943-961 |
Baoda (保大 bao3 da4) 943-958
Jiaotai (交泰 jiao1 tai4) 958
Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 958
|
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) |
Wu Wang (武王 wu3 wang2 |
Li Yu (李煜 li3 yu4 |
961-975 |
did not exist |
| Nan (Southern) Han Kingdom 917-971 |
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) |
Tian Huang Da Di (天皇大帝 tian1 huang2 da4 di4) |
Liu Yan (劉巖 liu3 yan2) or Liu Yan (劉(龍 on top of 天) liu3 yan3) |
917-925 |
Qianheng (乾亨 qian2 heng1) 917-925
Bailong (白龍 bai2 long2) 925-928
Dayou (大有 da4 you3) 928-941
|
| did not exist |
Shang Di (殤帝 shang1 di4) |
Liu Fen (劉玢 liu3 fen1) |
941-943 |
Guangtian (光天 guag1 tian1) 941-943
|
| Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Liu Cheng (劉晟 liu3 cheng2) |
943-958 |
Yingqian (應乾 ying4 qian2) 943
Qianhe (乾和 qian4 he2) 943-958
|
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) |
did not exist |
Liu Chang (劉鋹 liu3 chang3) |
958-971 |
Dabao (大寶 da4 bao3) 958-971
|
| Bei (Northern) Han Kingdom 951-979 |
| Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3) |
Shen Wu Di (神武帝 shen2 wu3 di4) |
Liu Min (劉旻 liu3 min2) |
951-954 |
Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 951-954
|
| Rui Zong (睿宗 rui4 zong1) |
Xiao He Di (孝和帝 xiao4 he2 di4v |
Liu Cheng Jun (劉承鈞 liu3 cheng2 jun1) |
954-970 |
Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 954-957
Tianhui (天會 tian1 hui4) 957-970
|
| Shao Zhu (少主 shao4 zhu3) |
Did not exist |
Liu Ji En (劉繼恩 liu3 ji4 en1) |
970 |
did not exist |
| did not exist |
Ying Wu Di (英武帝 ying1 wu3 di4) |
Liu Ji Yuan (劉繼元 liu3 ji4 yuan2) |
970-982 |
Guangyun (廣運 guang3 yun4) 970-982
|
| Qian (Former) Shu Kingdom 907 - 925 |
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Wang Jian (王建 wang2 jian4) |
907-918 |
Tianfu (天復 tian1 fu4) 907
Wucheng (武成 wu3 cheng22) 908-910
Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) 911-915
Tongzheng (通正 tong1 zheng4) 916
Tianhan (天漢 tian1 han4) 917
Guangtian (光天 guang1 tian1) 918
|
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) |
did not exist |
Wang Yan (王衍 wang2 yan3) |
918-925 |
Qiande (乾德 qian2 de2) 918-925
Xiankang (咸康 xian2 kang1) 925
|
| Hou (Later) Shu Kingdom 934 - 965 |
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign |
Meng Zhi Xiang (孟知祥 meng4 zhi1 xiang2) |
934 |
Mingde (明德 ming2 de2) 934
|
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) |
did not exist |
Meng Chang (孟昶 meng4 chang3) |
938-965 |
Mingde (明德 ming2 de2) 934-938
Guangzheng (廣政 guang3 zheng4) 938-965
|
