Academie Francaise

The Académie is the French official authority on the usages, vocabulary, and grammar of the French language, although its recommendations carry no legal power and are sometimes disregarded even by governmental authorities. It also encourages the use of French worldwide and awards literary prizes.

As French culture and language have come under increasing pressure with the widespread availability of English media, the Académie has tried to prevent the anglicisation of the French language. It is as a direct result of a decision of the Académie that the French word for "computer" is "ordinateur" and that the field of study dealing with computers is known as "informatique."

The Académie has forty seats, and all members are elected to a specific seat for life. They are known as the immortels (immortals) because of the device, À l'immortalité appearing on the seal granted to the Académie by Cardinal Richelieu. Famous current and former immortels include author Victor Hugo, author and director Marcel Pagnol, poet and filmmaker Jean Cocteau, playwright Eugène Ionesco, anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, and physicist Louis-Victor de Broglie.

The Académie is charged with publishing an official dictionary of the French language. It has done so in 1694, 1718, 1740, 1762, 1798, 1835, 1878, and in 1932-1935. The Académie continues work on the most recent (ninth) edition of the dictionary, of which the first volume (A to Enzyme) appeared in 1992, and the second volume (Éocène to Mappemonde) appeared in 2000.

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Current members of the Académie française

1. René Rémond, elected 1998
2. Hector Bianciotti, elected 1996
3. Jean-Denis Bredin, elected 1989
4. Jean-Marie Lustiger, elected 1995
5. vacant
6. Marc Fumaroli, elected 1995
7. Jacqueline Worms de Romilly, elected 1988
8. Michel Déon, elected 1978
9. Alain Decaux, elected 1979
10. Florence Delay, elected 2000
11. Gabriel de Broglie, elected 2001
12. Jean d'Ormesson, elected 1973
13. Pierre Messmer, elected 1999
14. Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, elected 1990
15. Frédéric Vitoux, elected 2001
16. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, elected 2003
17. Érik Orsenna, elected 1998
18. Michel Serres, elected 1990
19. Pierre Moinot, elected 1982
20. Angelo Rinaldi, elected 2001
21. Félicien Marceau, elected 1975
22. René de Obaldia, elected 1999
23. Pierre Rosenberg, elected 1995
24. Jean-François Revel, elected 1997
25. Jean Bernard, elected 1975
26. Jean-Marie Rouart, elected 1997
27. Pierre Nora, elected 2001
28. Henri Troyat, elected 1959
29. Claude Lévi-Strauss, elected 1973
30. Maurice Druon, elected 1966
31. Jean Dutourd, elected 1978
32. vacant
33. Michel Mohrt, elected 1985
34. François Cheng, elected 2002
35. Yves Pouliquen, elected 2001
36. Jean-François Deniau, elected 1992
37. vacant
38. François Jacob, elected 1996
39. Bertrand Poirot-Delpech, elected 1986
40. Pierre-Jean Rémy, elected 1988

Members listed historically by seat

Seat 1

1. René Rémond, elected 1998

Seat 2

1. Hector Bianciotti, elected 1996

Seat 3

1. Jean-Denis Bredin, elected 1989

Seat 4

1. Jean-Marie Lustiger, elected 1995

Seat 5

1. Jean Ogier de Gombauld, 1634 - 1666, poet, playwright and novellist
2. Paul Tallement le Jeune, 1666 - 1712, ecclesiastic
3. Antoine Danchet, 1712 - 1748, playwright and poet
4. Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset, 1748 - 1777, playwright
5. Claude-François-Xavier Millot, 1777 - 1785, ecclesiastic
6. André Morellet, 1785 - 1819, ecclesiastic
7. Pierre-Édouard Lémontey, 1819 - 1826, politician and lawyer
8. Joseph Fourier, 1826 - 1830, mathematician and phycisist
9. Victor Cousin, 1830 - 1867, politician and philosopher
10. Jules Favre, 1867- 1880, politician and lawyer
11. Edmond Rousse, 1880 - 1906, lawyer
12. Pierre de Ségur, 1907 - 1916, historian
13. Robert de Flers, 1920 - 1927, dramatist and journalist
14. Louis Madelin, 1927 - 1956, historian
15. Robert Kemp, 1956 - 1959, literary and dramatic critic
16. René Huyghe, 1960 - 1997, art historian and essayist
17. Georges Vedel, 1998 - 2002, magistrate
18. vacant, the election scheduled 2004-01-15 failed to fill the seat; the leading candidates were Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg and Jean-Claude Pecker

Seat 6

1. Marc Fumaroli, elected 1995

Seat 7

1. Jacqueline Worms de Romilly, elected 1988

Seat 8

1. Claude de Malleville, 1634 - 1647, poet
2. Jean Ballesdens, 1648 - 1675, lawyer
3. Géraud de Cordemoy, 1675 - 1684, philosopher and historian
4. Jean-Louis Bergeret, 1684 - 1694, lawyer
5. Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre, 1694 - 1743, ecclesiastic
6. Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, 1743 - 1759, geometer and astronomer
7. Jean-Jacques Lefranc, marquis de Pompignan, 1759 - 1784, magistrate and economist
8. Jean-Sifrein Maury, 1784 - excluded in reorginization of 1803, see also seat 15, ecclesiastic and politician
9. Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély, 1803 - 1819, politician and lawyer
10. Pierre-Simon Laplace, 1816 - 1827, politician, mathematician and astronomer
11. Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard, 1827 - 1845, politician
12. Charles de Rémusat, 1846 - 1875, politician and philosopher
13. Jules Simon, 1875 - 1896, politician, historian of philosophy, philosopher and essayist
14. Albert de Mun, 1897 - 1914, politician, essayist and soldier
15. Alfred Baudrillart, 1918 - 1942, ecclesiastic and historian
16. Octave Aubry, 1946 - 1946, historian and senior bureaucrat
17. Édouard Herriot, 1946 - 1957, politician, essayist and literary historian
18. Jean Rostand, 1959 - 1977, biologist, historian of science, philosopher and historian
19. Michel Déon, elected 1978, novelist

Seat 9

1. Alain Decaux, elected 1979

Seat 10

1. Florence Delay, elected 2000

Seat 11

1. Gabriel de Broglie, elected 2001

Seat 12

1. Jean d'Ormesson, elected 1973

Seat 13

1. Claude-Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, 1634 - 1638, grammarian and mathematician
2. François de La Mothe-Le-Vayer, 1639 - 1672, critic, grammarian and philosopher
3. Jean Racine, 1672 - 1699, playwright, mathematician, phycisist, medical doctor
4. Jean-Baptiste-Henri de Valincour, 1699 - 1730, historiographer and admiral
5. Jean-François Leriget de La Faye, 1730 - 1731, politician
6. Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, 1731 - 1762, playwright
7. Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon, 1762 - 1775, ecclesiastic, playwright and poet
8. Jean de Dieu-Raymond Boisgelin de Cucé, 1776 - 1804, ecclesiastic
9. Jean-Baptiste Dureau de la Malle, 1804 - 1807, translator
10. Louis-Benoît Picard, 1807 - 1828, comedian, poet, novelist and playwright
11. Antoine-Vincent Arnault, 1829 - 1834, poet, fabulist and playwright - see also seat 16
12. Eugène Scribe, 1834 - 1861, playwright
13. Octave Feuillet, 1862 - 1890, novelist and playwright
14. Pierre Loti, 1891 - 1923, novelist and soldier
15. Albert Besnard, 1924 - 1934, painter and engraver
16. Louis Gillet, 1935 - 1943, historian of art and litterature
17. Paul Claudel, 1946 - 1955, poet, playwright, novelist and diplomat
18. Wladimir d' Ormesson, 1956 - 1973, politician, chronicler and novellist
19. Maurice Schumann, 1974 - 1998, politician, essayist, journalist, novelist and historian
20. Pierre Messmer, elected 1999, senior bureaucrat and politician

Seat 14

1. François Maynard, 1634-1646, magistrate and poet
2. Pierre Corneille, 1647-1684, playwright and lawyer
3. Thomas Corneille, 1684-1709, playwright
4. Antoine Houdar de La Motte, 1710-1731, playwright
5. Michel-Celse-Roger de Bussy-Rabutin, 1732-1736, ecclesiastic
6. Étienne Lauréault de Foncemagne, 1736-1779, ecclesiastic
7. Michel-Paul-Gui de Chabanon, 1779-1792, playwright
8. Jacques-André Naigeon, 1803-1810, encyclopedist
9. Népomucène Lemercier, 1810-1840, poet and playwright
10. Victor Hugo, 1841-1885, poet, playwright and novelist
11. Charles Leconte de Lisle, 1886-1894, poet and playwright
12. Henry Houssaye, 1894-1911, historian and novelist
13. Louis-Hubert Lyautey, 1912-1934, soldier
14. Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, 1934-1942, politician and soldier
15. Robert d'Harcourt, 1946-1965, literary historian and essayist
16. Jean Mistler, 1966-1988, novelist, essayist, literary historian, music critic and politician
17. Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, elected 1990, historian

Seat 15

1. Guillaume Bautru, 1634 - 1665, politician
2. Jacques Testu de Belval, 1665 - 1706, ecclesiastic and poet
3. François-Joseph de Beaupoil de Sainte-Aulaire, 1706 - 1742, soldier and poet
4. Jean-Jacques Dortous de Mairan, 1743 - 1771, physicist and mathematician
5. François Arnaud, 1771 - 1784, ecclesiastic
6. Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target, 1785 - 1806, magistrate
7. Jean-Sifrein Maury, 1806 - excluded by ordonance 1816, ecclesiastic and politician; see also seat 8
8. François-Xavier-Marc-Antoine de Montesquiou-Fézensac, 1816 - 1832, ecclesiastic and politician
9. Antoine Jay, 1832 - 1854, politician
10. Ustazade Silvestre de Sacy, 1854 - 1879, literary critic
11. Eugène Labiche, 1880 - 1888, playwright and novelist
12. Henri Meilhac, 1888 - 1897, playwright
13. Henri Lavedan, 1898 - 1940, playwright and novelist
14. Ernest Seillière, 1946 - 1955, historian of literature and of philosophy, and essayist
15. André Chamson, 1956 - 1983, novelist, essayist and historian
16. Fernand Braudel, 1984 - 1985, historian of civilizations
17. Jacques Laurent, 1986 - 2000, novelist, essayist and journalist
18. Frédéric Vitoux, elected 2001, writer and journalist

Seat 16

1. Jean Sirmond, 1634-1649, historiographer
2. Jean de Montereul, 1649-1651, ecclesiastic
3. François Tallemant l'Aîné, 1651-1693, ecclesiastic
4. Simon de la Loubère, 1693-1729, diplomat and poet
5. Claude Sallier, 1729-1761, ecclesiastic and philologist
6. Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet, 1761-1784, ecclesiastic
7. Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou-Fézensac, 1784-1798, politician
8. Antoine-Vincent Arnault, 1803, excluded by ordonance 1816, reelected in 1829 to seat 13, poet, fabulist and playwright
9. Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, 1816-1822, politician
10. Bon-Joseph Dacier, 1822-1833, philologist
11. Pierre-François Tissot, 1833-1854, poet and historian
12. Félix Dupanloup, 1854-1878, ecclesiastic
13. Edme-Armand-Gaston d'Audiffret-Pasquier, 1878-1905, politician
14. Alexandre Ribot, 1906-1923, politician, lawyer, magistrate and jurist
15. Henri Robert, 1923-1936, lawyer and historian
16. Charles Maurras, 1938, not excluded, but seat "declared vacant" for Vichy collaboration in 1945, journalist, politician, essayist and poet
17. Antoine de Lévis Mirepoix, 1953-1981, novelist, historian and essayist
18. Léopold Sédar Senghor, 1983-2001, head of state (Sénégal), politician, poet and essayist
19. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, elected 2003, former president of France

Seat 17

1. François de Cauvigny de Colomby, 1634 - 1649, poet
2. François Tristan l'Hermite, 1649 - 1655, playwright and poet
3. Hippolyte-Jules Pilet de La Mesnardière, 1655 - 1663, critic, poet and historian
4. François-Honorat de Beauvilliers, duc de Saint-Aignan, 1663 - 1687, soldier
5. François-Timoléon de Choisy, 1687 - 1724, ecclesiastic
6. Antoine Portail, 1724 - 1736, politician
7. Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée, 1736 - 1754, playwright
8. Jean-Pierre de Bougainville, 1754 - 1763, historian
9. Jean-François Marmontel, 1763 - 1799, philosopher and essayist
10. Louis-Marcelin de Fontanes, 1803 - 1821, politician, poet and journalist
11. Abel-François Villemain, 1821 - 1870, politician and literary critic
12. Émile Littré, 1871 - 1881, philologist and philosopher
13. Louis Pasteur, 1881 - 1895, chemist
14. Gaston Paris, 1896 - 1903, philologist and literary historian
15. Frédéric Masson, 1903 - 1923, historian
16. Georges Lecomte, 1924 - 1958, novelist, essayist, art critic and historian
17. Jean Delay, 1959 - 1987, psychiatrist, essayist and novelist
18. Jacques-Yves Cousteau, 1988 - 1997, oceanographer, cineast and essayist
19. Érik Orsenna, elected 1998, politician and novelist

Seat 18

1. Michel Serres, elected 1990

Seat 19

1. Pierre Moinot, elected 1982

Seat 20

1. Angelo Rinaldi, elected 2001

Seat 21

1. Félicien Marceau, elected 1975

Seat 22

1. René de Obaldia, elected 1999

Seat 23

1. Pierre Rosenberg, elected 1995

Seat 24

1. Jean-François Revel, elected 1997

Seat 25

1. Claude de L'Estoile, 1634 - 1652, playwright and poet
2. Armand de Camboust, duc de Coislin, 1652 - 1702, soldier
3. Pierre de Camboust, duc de Coislin, 1702 - 1710, ??
4. Henri-Charles de Coislin, 1710 - 1732, ecclesiastic
5. Jean-Baptiste Surian, 1733 - 1754, ecclesiastic
6. Jean Le Rond, dit d'Alembert, 1754 - 1783, philosopher and mathematician
7. Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier, 1783, excluded in 1803 reorganization, biographer
8. Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis, 1803 - 1807, politician, philosopher and lawyer
9. Pierre Laujon, 1807 - 1811, poet and songwriter
10. Charles-Guillaume Étienne, 1811 - 1816. Excluded by ordonnance; see also seat 32, poet and playwright
11. Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier, (2nd time), 1816 - 1817
12. Jean-Louis Laya, 1817 - 1833, poet and playwright
13. Charles Nodier, 1833 - 1844, novelist, poet and grammarian
14. Prosper Mérimée, 1844 - 1870, novelist
15. Louis de Loménie, 1871 - 1878, essayist
16. Hippolyte Taine, 1878 - 1893, essayist and historian
17. Albert Sorel, 1894 - 1906, historian
18. Maurice Donnay, 1907 - 1945, playwright
19. Marcel Pagnol, 1946 - 1974, playwright, cineast and novelist
20. Jean Bernard, elected 1975, medical doctor

Seat 26

1. Jean-Marie Rouart, elected 1997

Seat 27

1. Pierre Nora, elected 2001

Seat 28

1. Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, 1634 - 1654, essayist
2. Paul-Philippe Hardouin de Péréfixe, 1654 - 1670, ecclesiastic and historian
3. François de Harlay de Champvallon, 1671 - 1695, ecclesiastic
4. André Dacier, 1695 - 1722, philologist and translator
5. Guillaume Dubois, 1722 - 1723, ecclesiastic and politician
6. Charles-Jean-François Hénault, 1723 - 1770, magistrate
7. Charles-Just de Beauvau, 1771 - 1793, politician and soldier
8. Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai, 1803 - 1838, politician and lawyer; removed by ordonance
9. Antoine-François-Claude Ferrand, 1816 - 1825, magistrate, poet, historian and playwright
10. Casimir Delavigne, 1825 - 1843, poet and playwright
11. Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve, 1844 - 1869, essayist and poet
12. Jules Janin, 1870 - 1874, novelist and critic
13. John Lemoinne, 1875 - 1892, diplomat and journalist
14. Ferdinand Brunetière, 1893 - 1906, literary critic, historian of literature and essayist
15. Henri Barboux, 1907]] - 1910, lawyer
16. Henry Roujon, 1911 - 1914, senior bureaucrat, essayist and novelist
17. Louis Barthou, 1918 - 1934, politician, magistrate, historian and historian of literature; assasinated
18. Claude Farrère, 1935 - 1957, novelist, essayist and historian
19. Henri Troyat, elected 1959, novelist, historian of literature, historian; currently dean of the Académie

Seat 29

1. Claude Lévi-Strauss, elected 1973

Seat 30

1. Maurice Druon, elected 1966

Seat 31

1. Jean Dutourd, elected 1978

Seat 32

1. Claude Favre de Vaugelas, 1634-1650, grammarian
2. Georges de Scudéry, 1650-1667, novelist, playwright and poet
3. Philippe de Dangeau, 1667-1720, soldier, governor and diplomat
4. Louis-François-Armand du Plessis de Richelieu, 1720-1788, soldier, libertine and politician
5. François-Henri d'Harcourt, 1788-1802, soldier
6. Lucien Bonaparte, 1803-1816, politician. Excluded by ordonnance.
7. Louis-Simon Auger, 1816-1829, journalist and playwright
8. Charles-Guillaume Étienne, 1829-1845 (see also seat 25), poet and playwright
9. Alfred de Vigny, 1845-1863, poet
10. Camille Doucet, 1865-1895, poet and playwright
11. Charles Costa de Beauregard, 1896-1909, historian and politician
12. Hippolyte Langlois, 1911-1912, soldier
13. Émile Boutroux, 1912-1921, philosopher and historian of philosophy
14. Pierre de Nolhac, 1922-1936, historian, art historian and poet
15. Georges Grente, 1936-1959, ecclesiastic, historian and essayist
16. Henri Massis, 1960-1970, essayist, literary critic and literary historian
17. Georges Izard, 1971-1973, politician, lawyer, journalist and essayist
18. Robert Aron, 1974-1975, historian and essayist
19. Maurice Rheims, 1976-2003, novelist and art historian
20. vacant, election scheduled 2004-03-25

Seat 33

1. Michel Mohrt, elected 1985

Seat 34

1. François Cheng, elected 2002

Seat 35

1. Yves Pouliquen, elected 2001

Seat 36

1. Jean-François Deniau, elected 1992

Seat 37

1. Daniel Hay du Chastelet de Chambon, 1635 - 1671, ecclesiastic and mathematician
2. Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, 1671 - 1704, ecclesiastic and historian
3. Melchior de Polignac, 1704 - 1741, ecclesiastic, politician, philologist and poet
4. Odet-Joseph Giry, 1741 - 1761, ecclesiastic
5. Charles Batteux, 1761 - 1780, ecclesiastic
6. Antoine-Marin Lemierre, 1780 - 1793, poet and playwright
7. Félix-Julien-Jean Bigot de Préameneu, 1803 - 1825, politician and lawyer
8. Mathieu de Montmorency, 1825 - 1826, politician and diplomat
9. Alexandre Guiraud, 1826 - 1847, playwright, poet and novelist
10. Jean-Jacques Ampère, 1847 - 1864, historian of literature
11. Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol, 1865 - 1870, literary critic
12. Camille Rousset, 1871 - 1892, historian
13. Paul Thureau-Dangin, 1893 - 1913, historian
14. Pierre de La Gorce, 1914 - 1934, historian, magistrate and lawyer
15. Maurice de Broglie, 1934 - 1960, soldier and physicist
16. Eugène Tisserant, 1961 - 1972, eclesiastic and philologist
17. Jean Daniélou, 1972 - 1974, eclesiastic, theologian, historian and essayist
18. Robert-Ambroise-Marie Carré, 1975 - 2004, ecclesiastic
19. vacant

Seat 38

1. Auger de Moléon de Granier, 1635 - 1636, possibly an ecclesiastic; expelled for theft; died 1650
2. Balthazar Baro, 1636 - 1650, playwright and poet
3. Jean Doujat, 1650 - 1688, lawyer
4. Eusèbe Renaudot, 1688 - 1720, ecclesiastic
5. Henri-Emmanuel de Roquette, 1720 - 1725, ecclesiastic
6. Pierre de Pardaillan d'Antin, 1725 - 1733, ecclesiastic
7. Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, 1733 - 1774, economist and statistician
8. Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, 1775 - 1794, politician and magistrate; guillotined
9. François Andrieux, 1803 - 1833, lawyer, poet and playwright
10. Adolphe Thiers, 1833 - 1877, politician and historian
11. Henri Martin, 1878 - 1883, historian
12. Ferdinand de Lesseps, 1884 - 1894, diplomat
13. Anatole France, 1896 - 1924, novelist and poet
14. Paul Valéry, 1925 - 1945, poet, literary critic and essayist
15. Henri Mondor, 1946 - 1962, surgeon, physician, historian of literature and of science
16. Louis Armand, 1963 - 1971, mining engineer, bureaucrat and economist
17. Jean-Jacques Gautier, 1986,_drama_critic,_novelist,_journalist_and_essayist/">1972 - 1986, drama critic, novelist, journalist and essayist
18. Jean-Louis Curtis, 1986 - 1995, novelist and essayist
19. François Jacob, elected 1996, biologist

Seat 39

1. Louis Giry, 1636 - 1665, lawyer
2. Claude Boyer, 1666 - 1698, ecclesiastic, playwright and poet
3. Charles-Claude Genest, 1698 - 1719, ecclesiastic
4. Jean-Baptiste Dubos, 1720 - 1742, ecclesiastic and historian
5. Jean-François Du Bellay du Resnel, 1742 - 1761, ecclesiastic
6. Bernard-Joseph Saurin, 1761 - 1781, lawyer and poet
7. Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet, 1782 - 1794, philosopher and mathematician; poisoned himself in prison
8. Gabriel Villar, 1803 - 1826, ecclesiastic
9. Charles-Marie-Dorimond de Féletz, 1826 - 1850, ecclesiastic
10. Désiré Nisard, 1850 - 1888, essayist
11. Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé, 1888 - 1910, essayist, historian, literary critic and diplomat3
12. Henri de Régnier, 1911 - 1936, poet, novelist and essayist
13. Jacques de Lacretelle, 1936 - 1985, novelist
14. Bertrand Poirot-Delpech, elected 1986, journalist, wssayist and novelist

Seat 40

1. Daniel de Priézac, 1639 - 1662, law professor
2. Michel Le Clerc, 1662 - 1691, lawyer
3. Jacques de Tourreil, 1692 - 1714, translater
4. Jean-Roland Mallet, 1714 - 1736, royal valet
5. Jean-François Boyer, 1736 - 1755, ecclesiastic
6. Nicolas Thyrel de Boismont, 1755- 1786, ecclesiastic
7. Claude-Carloman de Rulhière, 1787 - 1791, diplomat, poet and historian
8. Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis, 1803 - 1808, medical doctor and physiologist
9. Antoine-Louis-Claude Destutt de Tracy, 1808 - 1836, philosopher
10. François Guizot, 1836 - 1874, politician and historian
11. Jean-Baptiste Dumas, 1875 - 1884, politician and chemist
12. Joseph Bertrand, 1884 - 1900, mathematician, historian of science
13. Marcellin Berthelot, 1900 - 1907, politician, chemist, essayist, historian of science
14. Francis Charmes, 1908 - 1916, diplomat and journalist
15. Jules Cambon, 1918 - 1935, diplomat, lawyer, senior civil servant
16. Lucien Lacaze, 1936 - 1955, admiral
17. Jacques Chastenet, 1956 - 1978, journalist, historian and diplomat
18. Georges Dumézil, 1978 - 1986, philologist and historian of civilizations
19. Pierre-Jean Rémy, elected 1988, diplomat, novelist and essayist

External links

• Académie's website (in French)