7th July

Events

• 1456 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed).
• 1534 - First known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick.
• 1798 - Quasi-War: The United States Congress rescinds treaties with France sparking the 'war.'
• 1807 - Peace of Tilsit between France, Kingdom of Prussia and Russia.
• 1846 - Acting on instructions from Washington, DC, Commodore John Drake Sloat orders his troops to occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena thus beginning the United States annexation of California.
• 1898 - The United States annexes Hawaii.
• 1917 - Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov forms Provisional Government in Russia after the deposing of the tsar.
• 1930 - Building of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam) is started.
• 1937 - Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge - Japanese forces invade China.
• 1941 - World War II: American forces land in Iceland to forestall an invasion by the Nazis.
• 1946 - Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini becomes the first American saint to be canonized.
• 1954 - In Memphis, Tennessee, WHBQ becomes the first radio station to air an Elvis Presley record.
• 1958 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into United States law.
• 1969 - French is made equal to English throughout the Canadian national government.
• 1978 - The Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom.
• 1983 - Samantha Smith, a U.S. schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Premier Yuri Andropov
• 1994 - Aden is occupied by troops from North Yemen.
• 2004 - The last patent on the LZW compression algorithm (in Canada) expires.

Births

• 1855 - Ludwig Ganghofer, writer († 1920)
• 1860 - Gustav Mahler, composer († 1911)
• 1884 - Lion Féuchtwanger, dramatist and narrator († 1958)
• 1887 - Marc Chagall, painter († 1985)
• 1893 - Miroslav Krleža, writer († 1981)
• 1899 - George Cukor, director († 1983)
• 1901 - Vittorio De Sica, director († 1974)
• 1901 - Gustav Knuth, actor († 1978)
• 1906 - Leroy Satchel Paige, baseball player († 1982)
• 1907 - Robert Heinlein, science fiction writer († 1988)
• 1911 - Gian Carlo Menotti, composer
• 1915 - Yul Brynner, actor († 1985)
• 1922 - Pierre Cardin, fashion designer
• 1927 - Doc Severinsen (Carl H. Severinsen), composer, musician
• 1940 - Ringo Starr (born "Richard Starkey"), drummer and singer (The Beatles)
• 1945 - Michael Ancram (Michael Kerr, Earl of Ancram), British politician
• 1948 - Luc Bondy, film and theatre director
• 1949 - Shelley Duvall, actress: Nashville, The Shining, McCabe and Mrs. Miller
• 1959 - Ben Linder, American engineer murdered in Nicaragua († 1987)
• 1980 - Michelle Kwan, figure skater

Deaths

• 1129 - Emperor Shirakawa of Japan
• 1304 - Pope Benedict XI, (possibly poisoned)
• 1307 - King Edward I of England
• 1572 - Sigismund II August, king of Poland
• 1880 - Lydia Child, novelist and abolitionist (* 1802)
• 1901 - Johanna Spyri, author (Heidi)
• 1930 - Arthur Conan Doyle, writer (Sherlock Holmes)
• 1965 - Moshe Sharett, second Prime Minister of Israel
• 1967 - Vivian Leigh, actress (Gone with the Wind)
• 1971 - Claude Gauvreau, Quebec playwright, poet and polemist
• 1971 - Ub Iwerks, artist, director, cartoonist (drew first Mickey Mouse cartoon)
• 1972 - King Talal, King of Jordan
• 1972 - Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople
• 1973 - Veronica Lake, actress
• 1980 - Dore Schary, film producer, writer
• 1990 - Bill Cullen, game show host

Holidays and observances

• Bhutan - Guru Rinbochy
• China - Chih Nu (Feast of the Milky way)
• Japan - Tanabata
• Roman Empire - Nonae Caprotinae festival in honor of Juno
• San Fermín festival or running of the bulls in Pamplona, Navarre, Spain.
• Solomon Islands - Independence Day (1978)
• Tanzania - Saba Saba Day (or Peasants' Day, founding of the TANU party, 1954)
• Yemen - Unity Factory Day

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