19th July

Events

• 711 - Moslem forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
• 1333 - Battle of Halidon Hill: the final battle of the Wars of Scottish Independence
• 1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
• 1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• 1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shots-up Holliday's New Mexico saloon.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast postions in response to the an effective American convoy system.
• 1943 - World War II: Rome is bombed by the Allies for the first time in the war.
• 1948 - Games of the XIV Olympiad opened in London.
• 1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1967 - A Piedmont Airlines Boeing 727 and a Cessna 310 collided in mid-air over Hendersonville, North Carolina killing 82
• 1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1979 - The Marxist Sandinistas take control of Nicaragua.
• 1985 - US Vice President George H. W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle (see Space Shuttle Challenger).
• 1989 - A Douglas DC-10 carrying United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 but due to extraordinary efforts by the pilot and his crew, 184 on board survive.
• 2001 - UK politician and novelist Jeffrey Archer, Lord Archer of Weston-Super-Mare, sentenced to four years in prison for perjury and perverting the course of justice.

Births

• 1814 - Samuel Colt, inventor (+ 1862)
• 1819 - Gottfried Keller, writer (+ 1890)
• 1834 - Edgar Degas, impressionist painter (+ 1917)
• 1860 - Lizzie Borden, accused murderess (+ 1927)
• 1875 - Alice Dunbar Nelson, author, poet (+ 1935)
• 1883 - Max Fleischer, animator, film producer (+ 1992)
• 1894 - Khawaja Nazimuddin, second Prime Minister of Pakistan (+ 1965)
• 1896 - A.J. Cronin, writer (+ 1981)
• 1898 - Herbert Marcuse, communist philosopher (+ 1979)
• 1921 - Rosalyn Yalow, medical physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
• 1922 - George McGovern, former US presidential candidate
• 1984 - Aaron Dominguez, student of DMC with a study in networking and security

Deaths

• 1415 - Philippa of Lancaster, consort queen of Portugal (of the plague)
• 1900 - King Umberto I of Italy assassinated
• 1910 - Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (* 1812)
• 1965 - Clyde Beatty, circus performer, big game hunter
• 1965 - Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea
• 1985 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish science fiction writer
• 2003 - Pierre Graber, member of the Swiss Federal Council (* 1908)

Holidays and observances

• Malaysia - Birthday of Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Ng Sembilan
• Myanmar - Martyr's Day
• Nicaragua - National Liberation Day

July 18 - July 20 - June 19 - August 19 -- listing of all days

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